Unique constructions of minarets, mausoleums, mosques, palaces and covered markets stand for many centuries in Samarqand, Bukhoro, Khiva and other ancient towns, experiencing the reverses of the history and attacks of nature. They had to endure many obstacles, but they stood up even to the strongest earthquakes, as the time showed. It is no mere chance, because the earthquake stability was initially laid in those unique structures, the scientists proved. Builders knew about aseismic properties of elastic materials many centuries ago. That is why they used mainly clay and ganch as the building mortar. Ancient inventors developed some special foundation structures basing on clay or sandy cushions, cane belts for the pedimental parts of walls and other things. Wooden columns with their special thorns are of huge interest in their technology. Another technology comprised the turned truncated brick pyramid that was built in the foundation pit with dense and tough clay and served as the foundation. The sole weight of the construction determined the necessary subsidence and depth of the underground part. The peculiar shape of the foundation provided a building with the freedom of oscillation, which is inevitable during the earthquake. Ancient builders established such a foundation for the building of 47-meters in height.

Scientists applied their knowledge and inventiveness while calculating the majestic domes, durability of unique structures and casing them with glazed ceramic plates. Grand buildings continue delighting people with their refined styling and beauty of their sky-blue cupolas.

Abu Rayhon Beruniy, the eminent scientist-encyclopedic of the tenth century, in his famous book Data Collection to Learn Jewellery equated enamel and glaze to precious stones. Masters of those old times could create such artificial valuables of a very high quality. Therefore it is no wonder that Khorazm glazed plates were important item of exporting and were delivered to far countries by camelcades. In the 20^th century archeologists discovered the colorful tiles that were obviously produced abroad, and they did not find a workshop at that. They addressed to chemists for help. Having examined the lime content the scientists found out that tiles were brought from far Khorazm. It turned out, not only exotic oriental goods but also big quantities of building materials were carried along the trade routes in Middle Ages. 

Much emphasis in ancient times was also placed on city layout. The famous historian of the 10^th century Norshohiy wrote: “The whole Bukhoro is occupied with palaces, parks, flower gardens, fruit gardens and streams flowing throughout its groves. The channels cross each other and split into thousands directions. The most skillful masters and architects designed this layout.” The city also disposed hospitals, schools and libraries. The young Ibn Sino (Avicenna), the future outstanding doctor and scholar studied in the biggest library. He dealt with the city hygiene in his works too. He noted about bactericidal action of sunbeams and that’s why suggested to orient dwelling to the south.

The art of many local architects at that time enjoyed great popularity, thus our national masters were invited to other countries, as, for instance, India, where they participated in building of the genuine magic burial vault Taj-Mahal. Tourists from all over the world come there to see that gem of architecture as well as masterpieces of the medieval architecture of Uzbekistan.